How to Start a Car in Cold Weather

Starting a car in cold weather takes time, given several considerations. Conditions reduce battery power, thicken engine oil, and cause problems in the fuel systems.

Reports show that a car's battery decreases in capacity by about 35% when temperatures reduce to 32°F (0°C) and up to 60% when temperatures reduce to 0°F (-18°C) or lower.

The car struggles to start when the engine is cold, which is a common issue in frigid temperatures.

All drivers, especially those in cold climates, should be mindful of using the correct techniques for starting a car in cold weather.

Why Is It Harder to Start a Car in Cold Weather?

When temperatures drop, car batteries produce less power, making it harder to start the engine.

At the same time, engine oil thickens in the cold, increasing the effort needed to turn the engine over. That is why a car struggles to start when the engine is cold.

Moisture in fuel lines might freeze, blocking fuel flow, while gasoline does not evaporate as quickly, making it harder to ignite. That is how it complicates the process of starting a car in cold weather.

Ice can form and prevent proper fuel-air mixing in older cars with carburetors. The cold can also even affect the alternator's ability to recharge the battery, especially on short trips. For instance, a weakened battery might struggle to turn over an engine with thickened oil, leading to starting failure.

What To Do If Your Car Won’t Start in Cold Weather

Here are some step-by-step tips on what to do if your car won't start in cold weather:

1. Perform initial checks: Turn off all electrical accessories like lights, radio, and heater. Check your oil levels and ensure you are using the proper grade for cold weather. Inspect the battery for signs of corrosion on the cables.
2. Attempt to start the engine: Turn the key in the ignition or press the start button. If you have a manual transmission, press the clutch pedal while starting. Do not start for more than 10 seconds at a time, and wait 1-2 minutes between attempts to avoid draining the battery.
3. If the engine does not start: Try some quick fixes. Gently press the gas pedal while turning the key. Then, turn on the high beams for 20-30 seconds to slightly warm the battery, and try starting again.
4. Try jump-starting the car: If possible, test the battery voltage. If the battery is low, use jumper cables to jump-start the car from another vehicle.
5. Use warming methods (if available): If you have a block heater, use it to warm the engine before starting. Move the car to a garage or sheltered area to protect it from the cold.
6. For older cars (with carburetors): Carefully use starter fluid. Follow the product instructions closely when applying starter fluid.
7. If all else fails: Seek professional help. Consider calling for roadside assistance or having your car towed to a mechanic for diagnosis and repair. Remember, regular maintenance can help prevent starting issues.
    

Preparing Your Car for Cold Weather

It is essential to ensure that your car is running smoothly. Here are some suggestions to get your car ready:

Inspecting the Battery

Have your battery tested before winter hits to make sure it is in good condition.

If it is more than 3-5 years old, consider replacing it proactively. Keep the battery connections clean and tight, as this can help prevent issues when starting the car in cold weather.

Selecting the Engine Oil

As temperatures drop, engine oil thickens. Switch to a winter-grade oil that flows more easily in cold conditions. It is important if your car struggles to start when the engine is cold.

Look for oil labels that say "5W-30" or "0W-30." These work better in winter than oils labeled "10W-40" or "20W-50"

The lower numbers mean the oil flows better in cold weather. However, these oils still work well when the engine gets hot.

If you are unsure which oil to choose, it is always a good idea to check your car's manual or ask a trusted mechanic. The right oil can be important when starting the car in cold weather.

Protecting Your Vehicle

To help protect your car from harsh weather conditions, consider these effective parking tips:

•  A garage is the best option for protecting your car from snow and ice.
• If you don't have a garage, use a weatherproof or hail-proof car cover.
• When parking outside, position your car facing the morning sun to benefit from natural warmth. It can help when your car struggles to start when the engine is cold.
   

Adding Extra Protection

If you live where temperatures regularly dip well below freezing and are wondering how to start a car in the cold, consider an engine block heater. This device keeps your engine warm overnight, reducing the chances of your car struggling to start in the cold.

Using Synthetic Oil

If your car struggles to start when the engine is cold, switching to synthetic oil, a specialized engine oil, is a good option. This alternative is made to flow better in cold weather than regular oil. It might cost a bit more, but it can really help your vehicle.

You might also want to ask about synthetic blend oils. These special oils often work even better in very cold weather.

Maintaining Antifreeze

Proper coolant levels and mixtures are important. Check your antifreeze and top it up.

The right antifreeze blend prevents freezing and protects your engine, which is needed when starting your car in cold weather.

Reviewing Insurance

Review your car insurance policy. Ensure it is current, and consider adding roadside assistance if you do not already have it. Winter driving comes with added risks, so it is safest to be prepared.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) reports that winter weather-related vehicle crashes lead to over 1,300 deaths and more than 116,800 injuries annually in the U.S.

What Should You Keep in Your Car During Cold Weather?

If your car struggles to start in cold weather, having the right items in your car can be a lifesaver. Here’s a list of essentials:

• Portable jump starter: Helps start your car if the battery dies in freezing temperatures.
•  Warm gloves and hat: Keep warm while handling any outside tasks.
•  Extra blankets: Stay warm if you’re stranded or waiting for help.
• Ice scraper and snow brush: Clear ice and snow from your windows and windshield.
• Small shovel: Useful for digging your car out of snow or clearing your path.
• Tire chains: For improved traction on icy or snow-covered roads.
• Flashlight with extra batteries: Crucial for nighttime emergencies or breakdowns.
• Non-perishable snacks and bottled water: Keep you nourished if you’re stuck for an extended period.
•  First aid kit: For minor injuries during cold-weather emergencies.
• Tire repair kit or spare tire: In case of plugging a flat tire in icy conditions.
• Reflective triangles or flares: To alert other drivers in case you’re stranded on the road.
   

When to Call for Professional Help

Here are signs that mean it is time to call a mechanic instead of trying to start the car yourself:

• The car won’t start, even after trying a jump start.
• You hear strange noises when starting the car in cold weather.
• The check engine light stays on.
• Your car stalls frequently in cold weather.
• You notice fluid leaks under your car.
• The heater or defroster is not working.

A mechanic can test your battery, check your antifreeze levels, inspect your tires, and make sure your lights are working. It can prevent situations where your car struggles to start when the engine is cold.

The Car Care Council reported that 80% of cars checked at free events needed repairs. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) also says that proper handling of car maintenance decreases the chances of getting involved in an accident during the winter.

In 2021 alone, the NHTSA estimated that 395 fatal crashes and approximately 22,325 injury crashes occurred because of snow and sleet on roads.

It is always better to be safe than sorry, and a well-prepared car can save you from headaches and cold morning problems.